Many fantasy writers already have an inkling of the type of magic they want to use in their books. But others need a few magic system ideas to get going. And even if you already know the type you want, it’s always helpful to learn more about your options for it.
Keep in mind that even with all of these magic systems, you can make up your own! It’ll likely fall into one of these categories anyways, but don’t let this list confine you.
One of the most important decisions when developing a magic system is determining whether it will be high magic or low magic—a choice that will significantly impact the tone, plot, and worldbuilding of your story. One is not inherently better than the other, but they will have different audiences at times.
Some readers love high magic and others would rather the magic be in the background, favoring other $ fantasy tropes$ . High magic systems have prevalence, power, and influence on society, along with the magic having a stronger presence in the story. Magic is a well-known, structured force, often accessible to many and integrated into everyday life.
Here are some examples:
The Name of the Wind by Patrick Rothfuss (detailed magic academia with deep magical mechanics).
Mistborn by Brandon Sanderson (a structured magic system where metals grant unique abilities).
Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling (magic is an everyday part of life, with institutions governing its use).
Low magic systems are more subtle, rare, or mysterious. Magic may be feared, misunderstood, or difficult to master, making it a less dominant force in society. There aren’t really rules to the magic, and in some cases, magic isn’t used except for a select few. Even then, the magic lacks a structured system to follow.
These are examples of low magic systems:
A Song of Ice and Fire by George R.R. Martin (magic exists but is rare, feared, and often tied to legends).
The Lies of Locke Lamora by Scott Lynch (magic is present but controlled by select individuals).
The Witcher by Andrzej Sapkowski (magic is powerful but limited to a small group of trained users).
Which you choose just depends on your story. I personally like to be in the middle of this spectrum. Magic is used and pretty present in my story, but it relies more on "characters are born with it like any other sense they have" instead of having complex systems, rules, and origins.
That works well for me, where my stories and world tend to center around cultural dynamics more than the magic system itself.
Whether you’re looking for inspiration for your next story or a way to refine the idea you currently have, these magic system ideas will help you get started.
This is a very common and popular method of creating a magic system. Avatar? Nature-driven! One of the reasons this is a highly used system is because it’s fairly straightforward. But it’s not often the core of the fantasy novel itself.
It’s borrowed, in a sense, and the rules tend to be well-known.
That said, there are still options within nature-driven magic system ideas. Here are some of them:
Seasonal Magic – Mages can only use specific powers during certain seasons (e.g., fire in summer, ice in winter).
Flora-Based Magic – Spells grow like plants and take time to bloom before activating.
Weather Manipulation – Magic users influence storms, droughts, or tides but must work with nature’s will.
Animal Bonding – Magic is strengthened through symbiotic relationships with animals or spirit creatures.
Elemental Symbiosis – Magic users must live in harmony with a chosen element to maintain power.
Examples in this magic system category:
The Green Bone Saga by Fonda Lee – Magic is tied to jade, which enhances the abilities of those who are attuned to it, creating a deep connection between people and their environment.
The Broken Earth Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin – Magic (orogeny) allows users to control geological forces like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, deeply entwined with nature.
A lesser-used (and therefore opportunistic) magic system idea involves using technology! Let’s take your fantasy world and drive it into the future. And because there’s often crossover with fantasy and sci-fi readers, you might find a unique $ market$ for these magic system ideas: Mana Batteries – Magic is stored in rechargeable power cells and used like electricity.
Cybernetic Spellcasting – Magic is coded into AI-assisted implants that enhance abilities.
Quantum Sorcery – Spells function through manipulating probability, entanglement, or alternate realities.
Holographic Constructs – Magic users summon weapons, shields, or creatures through hard-light projections.
Neural Link Magic – Magic is cast through a direct brain interface, requiring intense mental discipline.
Examples include:
Foundryside by Robert Jackson Bennett – Magic functions like programming, where inscribed commands ("scriving") alter reality like computer code.
The Quantum Magician by Derek Künsken – A blend of hard science fiction and magic-like genetic modifications and quantum manipulation.
There’s also great opportunity in this $ fantasy subgenre$ . Why are all fantasy set in medieval times? I want some set in like the 1800s with a steampunk environment. Here are some magic system ideas within this category:
Steam-Powered Sorcery – Spells are fueled by burning rare magical coal or liquid aether.
Mechanical Familiars – Spellcasters use clockwork automatons as assistants or protectors.
Runic Gears – Enchanted gears engraved with sigils unlock different magical effects.
Alchemical Pistons – Machines fueled by potions or enchanted metals enable magical engineering.
Lightning Conduits – Magic requires harnessing storms or static energy to power devices.
Here are a few examples:
Mortal Engines by Philip Reeve – A world where cities move on giant mechanical treads, featuring steampunk technology with some mystical energy influences.
Leviathan by Scott Westerfeld – A steampunk reimagining of World War I, where bioengineered creatures and advanced machinery coexist.
This category of magic system ideas is more well-known, and you can probably think of several examples (I’ll drop a couple below). The idea is pretty simple: items hold magical power and it can often be unleashed or drawn from to perform magic.
Here are a few ideas within this one:
Soulbound Weapons – Artifacts gain power based on the wielder’s emotions or deeds.
Memory Imprint Objects – Relics store memories of past users, granting skills or visions.
Cursed Trinkets – Small enchanted objects grant power at a terrible cost.
Keyed Enchantments – Magic items only work for those with a specific bloodline, password, or ritual.
Artifact Assembly – Different relics must be combined to unlock their true power.
Examples are:
The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien – A powerful artifact that grants immense power but corrupts its user (a ring, of course). Though this story also includes other types of magic, proving you can mix and match if you want.
The Dresden Files by Jim Butcher – Features various enchanted objects, from powerful staves to protective amulets, used by wizards and magical beings.
Alchemy-based magic systems basically blend science and magic together, with some transformation, often involving strict rules about materials, formulas, and the cost of changing one substance into another.
It’s like doing a science experiment in order to perform magic. Usually, the user doesn’t need to possess magical abilities, they can just create the formula that creates magic.
Here’s a few more magic systems ideas for this one:
Living Potions – Some potions become sentient, adapting to the drinker’s needs.
Transmutation Chains – Changing one element into another has a cascading effect, making balance crucial.
Philosopher’s Code – Alchemy relies on mathematical formulas that must be perfectly calculated.
Homunculus Magic – Artificial beings serve as magical conduits or extensions of the alchemist.
Resonance Brews – Potions react to emotions, requiring careful mental control during mixing.
Examples include:
Fullmetal Alchemist by Hiromu Arakawa – A world where alchemy follows strict laws of equivalent exchange, allowing for powerful transmutations.
The Shadow of What Was Lost by James Islington – Features a structured magic system that has alchemical elements, such as requiring specific formulas and processes.
I would also argue The Name of the Wind could fall under this category given some of the types of magic used.
Anything that changes or comes from one’s body can be considered biological magic. It focuses on magic on the individual level and often changes or alters their biology as a result.
Of course, something like blood magic would fall under this category too. Here’s that one and more:
Blood Magic – Users can enhance their abilities by sacrificing their own vitality or that of others.
Symbiotic Parasites – live within the host, granting powers but requiring sustenance.
Chimeric Adaptation – Magic allows users to merge with animal traits or mutate over time. This would include shape-shifting!
Genetic Spells – Magic is inherited and can only be awakened through a special ritual.
Adaptive Healing – Magic rewires a user’s body over time, strengthening them but potentially deforming them.
The Priory of the Orange Tree by Samantha Shannon – Features dragon riders whose bond with their creatures gives them power, blending biological and mystical elements.
Tooth and Claw by Jo Walton – A fantasy novel where dragon biology and societal structures play a critical role, including inheritance through consuming the dead.
Robin Hobb’s Assassin’s Apprentice also features animal-bonding biological magic systems.
We’ve also come to recognize this type of magic system, usually in more of the paranormal fantasy genres. Nevertheless, it’s useful to consider no matter the $ fantasy novel you’re planning$ : Divine Conduits – Magic users channel the power of gods, but overuse invites divine punishment.
Astral Possession – Spirits temporarily possess the user to grant their abilities.
Emotional Amplification – Magic is fueled by specific emotions, and losing control can backfire.
Leyline Tapping – Magic is drawn from powerful energy lines in the world, but using too much can cause instability.
Echo Casting – Every spell has a delayed aftereffect that ripples back unpredictably.
The Wheel of Time by Robert Jordan – Magic users (channelers) tap into the One Power, with strict $ rules$ about who can wield it and the dangers of overuse. The Broken Empire Trilogy by Mark Lawrence – Features a protagonist who channels power in unconventional and sometimes brutal ways, with magic often drawn from unseen forces.
Portal fantasy is a complete genre on its own, with various uses! Chronicles of Narnia is a strong example of one of them. But there are various types!
Here are some magic system ideas if you want to use portals:
Dimensional Fractures – Unstable rifts appear naturally, and only trained mages can control them.
Mirror Portals – Certain enchanted mirrors lead to hidden locations or alternate realities.
Tearwalkers – Magic users open temporary slits in reality, but they must navigate the dangers between.
Summoning Gates – Portals are used to call forth creatures, but they require exact rituals or coordinates.
Time-Slip Portals – Gates only open at specific times, aligning with celestial events or historical echoes.
Stormlight Archive by Brandon Sanderson – Features Oathgates, ancient portals that allow for long-distance travel, tied to an extensive magical history. Though this isn’t touched on much until the second book (Words of Radiance), and a different type of magic is prevalent first.
A Darker Shade of Magic by V.E. Schwab – A world where magic users (Antari) can travel between parallel Londons using blood magic and doors between realities.
Which of these magic systems ideas fits your story the best? Remember to think about market-fit and any gaps you can use to $ write to market$ .